1. Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel Anti-infection
  2. Potassium Channel Parasite
  3. VU041

VU041 is a first submicromolar-affinity inhibitor of Anopheles (An.) gambiae and Aedes (Ae.) aegypti inward rectifier potassium 1 (Kir1) channels with IC50 values of 2.5 μM and 1.7 μM, respectively. VU041 inhibits appreciably is mammalian Kir2.1 (IC50 of 12.7 μM), and has less inhibitory effect on mammalian Kir1.1, Kir4.1, Kir6.2/SUR1, and Kir7.1. VU041 also induces impaired Malpighian tubule function.

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VU041 Chemical Structure

VU041 Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 332943-64-3

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Description

VU041 is a first submicromolar-affinity inhibitor of Anopheles (An.) gambiae and Aedes (Ae.) aegypti inward rectifier potassium 1 (Kir1) channels with IC50 values of 2.5 μM and 1.7 μM, respectively. VU041 inhibits appreciably is mammalian Kir2.1 (IC50 of 12.7 μM), and has less inhibitory effect on mammalian Kir1.1, Kir4.1, Kir6.2/SUR1, and Kir7.1. VU041 also induces impaired Malpighian tubule function[1].

IC50 & Target

IC50: 2.5 μM (Anopheles (An.) gambiae Kir1 channels), 1.7 μM (Aedes (Ae.) aegypti Kir1 channels) and 12.7 μM (Mammalian Kir2.1)[1]

In Vitro

VU041 is only moderately metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes and does not appear to be metabolized by esterases. VU041 is the first small-molecule inhibitor of mosquito Kir1 channels that exhibits topical toxicity in both insecticide-susceptible and -resistant lines of mosquitoes[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Topical VU041 application to adult female mosquitoes of both species inhibits their fecundity. Importantly, VU041 is selective for mosquito Kir channels over mammalian Kir channel orthologs and non-lethal to adult honey bees (Apis mellifera). The in vivo experiments of blood meal processing and diuretic capacity suggest that one mechanism of action of VU041 is the disruption of excretory functions mediated by Malpighian tubules[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

363.38

Formula

C19H20F3N3O

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Off-white to light yellow

SMILES

FC(C1=NN(CC(N2CCCC3=C2C=CC=C3)=O)C4=C1CCCC4)(F)F

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 20 mg/mL (55.04 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.7519 mL 13.7597 mL 27.5194 mL
5 mM 0.5504 mL 2.7519 mL 5.5039 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: 2 mg/mL (5.50 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: 2 mg/mL (5.50 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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mg/kg

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Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 2.7519 mL 13.7597 mL 27.5194 mL 68.7985 mL
5 mM 0.5504 mL 2.7519 mL 5.5039 mL 13.7597 mL
10 mM 0.2752 mL 1.3760 mL 2.7519 mL 6.8799 mL
15 mM 0.1835 mL 0.9173 mL 1.8346 mL 4.5866 mL
20 mM 0.1376 mL 0.6880 mL 1.3760 mL 3.4399 mL
25 mM 0.1101 mL 0.5504 mL 1.1008 mL 2.7519 mL
30 mM 0.0917 mL 0.4587 mL 0.9173 mL 2.2933 mL
40 mM 0.0688 mL 0.3440 mL 0.6880 mL 1.7200 mL
50 mM 0.0550 mL 0.2752 mL 0.5504 mL 1.3760 mL
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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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VU041
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